![]() Yaoi as it continues to be known among English-speaking fans has spread beyond Japan: both translated and original yaoi is now available in many countries and languages. Yaoi began in the dōjinshi markets of Japan in the late 1970s/early 1980s as an outgrowth of shōnen-ai but whereas shōnen-ai both commercial and dōjinshi were original works, yaoi were parodies of popular shōnen anime and manga. Collecting works from Gengoroh Tagame, Jiraiya, and numerous other artists, it is the first English-language anthology of gay manga. ![]() Works featuring prepubescent boys are labeled shotacon, and seen as a distinct genre. Massive: Gay Erotic Manga and the Men Who Make It is a 2014 manga anthology edited by Anne Ishii, Chip Kidd, and Graham Kolbeins, and published by Fantagraphics Books. The main characters in yaoi usually conform to the formula of the seme who pursues the uke. Although the genre is called Boys' Love the males featured are pubescent or older. Originally referring to a specific type of dōjinshi (self-published works) parody of mainstream anime and manga works, yaoi came to be used as a generic term for female-oriented manga, anime, dating sims, novels and dōjinshi featuring idealized homosexual male relationships. As these depict males, there is an androphilic male audience as well however, manga aimed at a gay male audience (bara) is considered a separate genre. Yaoi (やおい ?) also known as Boys' Love, is a Japanese popular term for female-oriented fictional media that focus on homoerotic or homoromantic male relationships, usually created by female authors.
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